What key term describes the transfer of heat through electro-magnetic energy?

The term that describes the transfer of heat through electromagnetic energy is radiation. This process involves the emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) for heat transfer, radiation can occur across empty space.

For instance, the warmth of the sun reaching the Earth is a prime example of radiant heat transfer. The importance of understanding radiation lies in its application in various maritime and safety procedures, such as in the design of safety equipment and clothing that protect against heat stress. In contrast, convection refers to heat transfer in fluids due to the movement of the fluid itself, and conduction is the direct transfer of heat through materials in contact. Combustion, while involving heat, pertains to the chemical reaction that produces heat and light rather than a method of heat transfer.